Biomolecules (Synthesis of Biomolecules)

- Synthesis of very large molecules (macromolecules) from small sub-units called monomers
- Monomers join together using covalent bonds
- Condensation reaction (sometimes known as dehydration synthesis)
- For every one bond formed, one molecule of water is released
- All 4 types of biomolecules are made through condensation reaction

For every one bond formed, one molecule of water is released

Overview of Condensation Reaction

Monomer (s)	Polymer Formed	By-product	Bond Name
Monosaccharide (simple sugar)	Disaccharide (di-sugar) à Polysaccharide (complex sugar)	Water	Glycosidic bond
Amino acid	Dipeptide à Polypeptide	Water	Peptide bond
Glycerol Fatty acids	Monoglycerides Diglycerides Triglycerides (Glycerol attached to fatty acids)	Water	Ester bond
DNA /RNA nucleotides	DNA RNA	Water	Phosphodiester bond

Monomer (s)

Polymer Formed

By-product

Bond Name

Monosaccharide (simple sugar)

Disaccharide (di-sugar) à Polysaccharide (complex sugar)

Water

Glycosidic bond

Amino acid

Dipeptide à Polypeptide

Water

Peptide bond

Glycerol

Fatty acids

Monoglycerides

Diglycerides

Triglycerides (Glycerol attached to fatty acids)

Water

Ester bond

DNA /RNA nucleotides

DNA

RNA

Water

Phosphodiester bond